How to Grow Basil: Best Practices for Growing Basil Indoors & Outdoors
Basil, with its fragrant leaves and culinary versatility, is a beloved herb for home gardeners and chefs alike. Whether you're a seasoned green thumb or just starting out, learning how to grow basil is a rewarding experience. In this guide, we'll cover everything from choosing the right basil variety to harvesting and preserving your bounty. Click on each section to learn more:
Would you like to learn more about how to grow basil and other great plants? We're here to help! Share your questions or gardening expertise with our community. Looking to promote your garden center or products? Let's work together to create a stunning display. Contact us today!
How to Grow Basil
1. Types of Basil and Which Should You Grow?
There are countless varieties of basil, each with its unique flavour profile and growing characteristics. Here are some popular options to consider:
Sweet Basil:
Sweet basil is the most common type, with a classic, sweet flavour.
Perfect for pesto, salads, and tomato-based dishes.
Genovese Basil:
Genovese is a variety of sweet basil known for its large leaves and intense flavour. It is ideal for fresh use.
Genovese Basil Image: by Amazon
Thai Basil:
Thai basil has a distinct licorice and anise flavour. it is commonly used in Southeast Asian cuisine.
Lemon Basil:
Lemon basil offers a zesty, citrusy twist. It’s great for marinades, sauces, and desserts.
Thai Basil Image: by Amazon
Purple Basil:
As its name suggests, purple basil has beautiful purple leaves with a slightly spicy flavour. It adds visual interest to dishes.
Bush Basil:
Bush basil has a compact and bushy growth habit making it perfect for containers.
Purple Basil Image: by Amazon
When choosing a basil variety, consider your culinary preferences and growing conditions. If you're unsure, starting with sweet basil is a safe bet.
2. How to Grow Basil Indoors
Growing basil indoors is a fantastic way to enjoy fresh herbs year-round. Here's a basic guide:
Choose a sunny spot:
Place your basil plant near a window that receives ample sunlight. If natural light is limited, consider using a grow light.
Potting and soil:
Select a pot with good drainage and fill it with a well-draining potting mix rich in organic matter.
Planting:
Gently remove your basil seedling from its starter pot and place it in the larger container. Fill in around the roots with potting mix.
Watering:
Keep the soil consistently moist but not soggy. Allow the top inch of soil to dry out slightly between waterings.
Temperature and humidity:
Basil prefers warm temperatures and moderate humidity. Consider using a humidifier if the air is dry.
Pruning:
Pinch off the tips of your basil plant regularly to encourage bushier growth and prevent legginess.
With proper care, your indoor basil plant will thrive and provide you with a steady supply of fresh herbs.
3. How to Grow Basil Outdoors: Pots vs Raised Bed vs Garden
Choosing the right growing environment for your basil can significantly impact its health and yield. Let's explore the pros and cons of each option as well as the method:
A) Growing Basil in Pots
Watch the above video to learn more tips about how to grow basil in pots.
Pros:
Growing basil in pots has many advantages including:
Portability
Control over soil quality
Ideal for small spaces
Pots can also provide you with extra protection from pests and diseases.
Cons:
However, growing in pots requires more frequent watering It also means that your plants have limited root space and there is more potential for nutrient depletion.
Method
Choosing the right pot: Select a pot with good drainage and a diameter of at least 12 inches.
Potting mix: Use a high-quality potting mix that is well-draining.
Planting: Fill the pot with potting mix, create a hole for the basil plant, and gently place it in the pot. Fill in around the roots with potting mix.
Sunlight: Place the pot in a location that receives at least 6-8 hours of direct sunlight per day.
Watering: Water regularly, ensuring the soil is moist but not soggy.
Fertilizing: Feed your basil with a balanced liquid fertilizer every two weeks during the growing season.
B) Growing Basil in Raised Beds
Water your basil regularly during dry spells: Image by Self Sufficient Me on Youtube
Pros:
Growing basil in a raised bed will give your plants the following:
Excellent soil drainage
Warmer soil temperatures
Protection from pests
It is the ideal choice for organic gardening.
Cons:
Initial setup costs may be higher than what you want to invest. In addition, raised beds can have a higher potential for weed growth and you may require additional fertilization.
Method:
Soil preparation: Ensure your raised bed has well-draining soil rich in organic matter.
Spacing: Plant basil seedlings 12-18 inches apart to allow for adequate airflow.
Watering: Water deeply and regularly, especially during hot weather.
Mulching: Apply a layer of mulch around the base of the plants to help retain moisture and suppress weeds.
Fertilizing: Feed your basil with a balanced compost tea or organic fertilizer every month.
C) Growing Basil in the Garden
Watch the above video for more tips on how to grow basil successfully.
Pros:
Growing your basil in a traditional garden also has many great benefits including:
Abundant space for growth
Easy access
Often requires less maintenance
If you already have a garden, then this method requires the least upfront cost.
Cons:
When you plant your basil in the garden you will have lots of competition from weeds. Your plants may also be more susceptible to pests and diseases and your soil quality may vary.
Method:
Soil preparation: Choose a sunny location with well-draining soil. Amend the soil with compost or aged manure before planting.
Spacing: Plant basil seedlings 12-18 inches apart.
Watering: Water regularly, especially during dry periods.
Weeding: Keep the area around your basil plants weed-free to prevent competition for nutrients and water.
Mulching: Apply a layer of mulch to help retain moisture and suppress weeds.
Summary:
Ultimately, the best method for growing basil depends on your available space, time, and gardening experience. Consider the pros and cons of each option to determine which one is right for you.
4. How to Grow Basil from Cuttings
Learn how to grow basil from cuttings by watching the above video.
Propagating basil from cuttings is a simple and rewarding way to expand your herb garden. Here's how:
Take a cutting: Select a healthy basil stem with several nodes (the points where leaves grow). Cut the stem just below a node, leaving about 4-6 inches of growth.
Prepare the cutting: Remove the lower leaves, leaving two or three pairs at the top. Dip the cut end in rooting hormone for best results.
Start in water or soil: You can root your basil cutting in water or soil. If using water, place the cutting in a clear glass filled with water, ensuring the leaves are above the waterline. If using soil, plant the cutting in a small pot filled with well-draining potting mix.
Provide ideal conditions: Place the cutting in a warm, bright location. Ensure the water is changed regularly if rooting in water.
Transplanting: Once your cutting has developed roots (usually within 2-4 weeks), it's ready to be transplanted into a larger pot or garden bed.
By following these steps, you can easily propagate your basil plants and enjoy a continuous supply of fresh herbs.
5. How to Grow Basil from Seeds
Grow your basil in a sunny location or under grow lamps. - Image by Amazon
Starting basil from seed gives you a wider variety of options and can be a rewarding experience. Here's how:
Starting indoors:
Begin sowing seeds indoors about 6-8 weeks before the last frost. Use seed-starting trays filled with a sterile seed-starting mix. Cover the seeds lightly with soil and keep the soil moist. Place the trays in a warm, sunny location or under grow lamps.
Starting outdoors:
Once the soil has warmed up (around 15.6°C or 60°F), direct sow basil seeds outdoors in a sunny location. Plant the seeds about 1/4 inch deep and space them about 6 inches apart.
Thinning:
When seedlings have a few sets of true leaves, thin them out to the strongest plants, spacing them 6-12 inches apart.
Transplanting:
If starting indoors, transplant seedlings outdoors once the threat of frost has passed. Harden off seedlings by gradually exposing them to outdoor conditions for a few days before planting.
With proper care, your basil seedlings will grow into healthy plants ready for harvesting.
6. Troubleshooting and Pest Control: Common Basil Pests and Diseases
Aphids can damage your basil plants - Image by Егор Камелев from Pixabay
While basil is generally a resilient herb, it can be susceptible to certain pests and diseases. Here's what to look out for:
Common Pests
Aphids:
These tiny insects can infest basil plants, causing stunted growth and distorted leaves. Use insecticidal soap or a strong blast of water to remove them.
Spider mites:
These microscopic pests create webs on plants and cause yellowing leaves. Increase humidity around your basil plants and use insecticidal soap to control them.
Slugs and snails:
These pests can devour basil leaves overnight. Use organic slug bait or create barriers around your plants to deter them.
Common Diseases
Downy mildew:
This fungal disease causes yellow spots on leaves that eventually turn brown. Improve air circulation around your plants, avoid overhead watering, and consider using a fungicide.
Fusarium wilt:
This soil-borne fungus causes wilting and yellowing of leaves. Unfortunately, there is no cure for fusarium wilt, so prevention is key. Rotate your crops and avoid planting basil in the same spot year after year.
By being vigilant and taking preventative measures, you can minimize the impact of pests and diseases on your basil plants.
7. How to Pick Basil so It Keeps Growing
Pinch off the leaves just above a leaf node.
Regular harvesting actually encourages basil plants to produce more leaves. Here’s how to do it:
Timing: The best time to harvest basil is in the morning after the dew has evaporated.
Harvesting method: To encourage bushier growth, pinch off individual leaves or cut stems just above a leaf node. For a larger harvest, cut back the entire plant by about one-third of its height.
Leave some leaves: Always leave some leaves on the plant to allow it to continue photosynthesis.
Flowering: Pinch off flower buds as soon as you see them. This will direct the plant's energy towards leaf production rather than flower production.
By following these tips, you can enjoy a continuous harvest of fresh basil throughout the growing season.
8. Companion Planting: Best Plants to Grow with Basil
Tomatoes and basil and great plants to grow side by side. - Image by congerdesign from Pixabay
Companion planting is the practice of growing different plants together to benefit each other. By strategically placing plants near one another, you can improve their growth, repel pests, attract pollinators, and enhance the overall health of your garden.
Some plants work well together, while others can be detrimental to each other's growth. Understanding companion planting can help you maximize your garden's potential.
Here are some excellent choices for companion planting for basil:
Tomatoes: Basil is a classic companion for tomatoes. The basil helps to repel pests and enhances the flavour of tomatoes.
Peppers: Similar to tomatoes, peppers benefit from the pest-repelling properties of basil and can create a delicious flavour combination.
Marigolds: These colourful flowers attract beneficial insects and repel nematodes, making them excellent companions for basil.
Oregano: Both basil and oregano are aromatic herbs that can complement each other's flavours.
Parsley: This herb can be a good companion for basil, providing a contrasting flavour and visual interest.
Remember, while these are generally good companion plants, it's always a good idea to observe how your plants interact with each other. If you notice any negative effects, you may need to adjust your planting arrangement.
9. How to Grow Basil FAQ
How Do You Care for Potted Basil?
Potted basil thrives with consistent moisture, ample sunlight, and regular pruning. Ensure your pot has good drainage to prevent root rot.
Water regularly, allowing the top inch of soil to dry before watering again. Fertilize lightly every two weeks. Pinch back the tips of your basil plant to encourage bushier growth.
Do Basil Plants Need Full Sun?
Yes, basil plants thrive in full sun. They require at least 6-8 hours of direct sunlight daily to produce optimal growth and flavour. Insufficient sunlight can lead to leggy growth, reduced leaf production, and a weaker flavour.
How Long Does Basil Take to Grow?
Basil is a fast-growing herb! From seed to harvest, you can typically expect to wait anywhere between 4 to 6 weeks. However, this can vary depending on growing conditions, such as temperature, sunlight, and soil quality.
Factors like starting basil indoors versus outdoors can also affect growth time. Indoor-grown basil might take slightly longer to mature compared to outdoor plants.
Can You Grow Basil from a Supermarket Plant?
Yes, you can definitely grow basil from a supermarket plant! Many people have successfully propagated basil from grocery store purchases.
The key is to treat the supermarket plant as a mother plant. You can take cuttings from it to grow new plants or divide the plant into smaller pots.
Be aware that supermarket basil is often grown in less-than-ideal conditions, so the plants may not be as robust as those grown from seed. 1 However, with proper care, you can still enjoy a thriving basil plant.
Are There Special Tips for Growing Basil in Canada?
Absolutely! Canada's shorter growing season and colder temperatures present unique challenges for basil cultivation. Here are some tips:
Start indoors: To get a head start, start basil seeds indoors about 6-8 weeks before the last frost. This will give your plants a strong foundation before transplanting outdoors.
Choose tolerant varieties: Opt for basil varieties known for their ability to withstand cooler temperatures. Some options include Genovese basil and lemon basil.
Protect from frost: Basil is frost-sensitive. Be prepared to cover your plants with row covers or bring them indoors if a late frost is predicted.
Extend the season: Consider growing basil in containers, which can be easily moved indoors when temperatures drop. You can also try growing basil indoors under grow lights during the winter months.
Harvest frequently: Regular harvesting encourages bushier growth and can help prolong the growing season.
By following these tips, you can enjoy a bountiful harvest of fresh basil even in Canada's climate.
What Are the Best Ways to Preserve Basil? (drying, freezing, pesto)
There are several effective methods to preserve basil for later use.
Here are three popular options:
A) Drying Basil
Drying is a classic method for preserving herbs.
Air drying:
This is the simplest method. Wash and dry basil leaves thoroughly. Tie stems together and hang them upside down in a warm, dry, dark place. Once completely dry, store the leaves in an airtight container.
Dehydrator:
Use a food dehydrator to dry basil leaves quickly and evenly. Follow the manufacturer's instructions for drying herbs.
B) Freezing Basil
Freezing preserves basil's flavour well.
Whole leaves:
Wash and dry basil leaves. Place them on a baking sheet and freeze until solid. Transfer to airtight freezer bags.
Puree:
Blend basil leaves with a small amount of olive oil into a paste. Freeze in ice cube trays or small containers.
Pesto:
Make pesto and freeze it in ice cube trays or airtight containers.
C) Making Basil Pesto
Pesto is a delicious way to preserve basil's flavour.
Combine ingredients: Blend basil leaves, pine nuts, garlic, Parmesan cheese, and olive oil in a food processor until smooth.
Preserve: Store pesto in airtight containers in the refrigerator for up to a week or freeze for longer storage.
By using these methods, you can enjoy the taste of fresh basil year-round.
What Are the Health Benefits of Basil?
Basil has many great health benefits. - Image by Bernadette Wurzinger from Pixabay
Basil is more than just a flavorful herb; it offers a range of potential health benefits.
Here are a few:
Anti-inflammatory properties: Basil contains compounds that help reduce inflammation in the body.
Antioxidant power: The antioxidants in basil help protect cells from damage caused by free radicals.
Digestive health: Basil has been traditionally used to aid digestion and relieve symptoms like bloating and indigestion.
Potential heart benefits: Some studies suggest that basil may help lower blood pressure and cholesterol levels.
Stress relief: Basil has calming properties and may help reduce stress and anxiety.
It's important to note that while research is promising, more studies are needed to fully understand the extent of basil's health benefits. As with any herb or supplement, it's essential to consult with a healthcare professional before making significant dietary changes.
Struggling with a Lackluster Basil Patch?
Don't fret! Gardenz is your ultimate resource for cultivating a thriving herb garden. Whether you're a seasoned gardener or just starting out, our community is here to support your basil-growing journey.
From selecting the perfect variety to mastering propagation techniques, our experts offer invaluable guidance. Share your basil triumphs and challenges, and connect with fellow herb enthusiasts to exchange tips and tricks.
Ready to transform your culinary experiences with homegrown basil? Let Gardenz be your guide to a fragrant and flavorful herb garden!