How to Grow Cherries: A Comprehensive Guide
Image by Wolfgang Claussen from Pixabay
Are you dreaming of a backyard orchard filled with the sweet taste of juicy cherries? Growing your own cherry trees is a rewarding and delicious experience. Whether you're a seasoned gardener or just starting out, this guide will provide you with everything you need to know to cultivate healthy and productive cherry trees.
From selecting the right variety to harvesting your ripe fruit, we'll cover all the essential steps to ensure a successful cherry-growing adventure. So, let's dive in and discover the secrets to growing your own cherry orchard!
If you are looking for helpful advice on how to grow cherries or any other type of tree or plant, contact us. We can also help you promote your gardening products or garden centre on our website. Talk to us today to get started.
How to Grow Cherries:
1. A Brief Overview
Growing your own cherry trees can be a rewarding and delicious experience. To ensure a successful harvest, follow these general steps:
Select the Right Variety:
Choose a cherry variety that is well-suited to your climate and soil conditions. Consider factors such as the tree's size, fruit flavour, and pollination requirements.
Plant Your Tree Properly:
Plant your cherry tree in a sunny location with well-draining soil. Ensure the tree is planted at the correct depth and distance from other plants.
Provide Adequate Care:
Regular watering, fertilization, and pruning are essential for healthy cherry tree growth. Water your tree deeply, especially during dry periods. Fertilize it annually with a balanced fertilizer. Pruning helps to maintain the tree's shape and promote fruit production.
Protect Against Pests and Diseases:
Be vigilant in monitoring your cherry tree for signs of pests or diseases. Take appropriate measures to control any problems that arise.
Harvest at Peak Ripeness:
Cherries are ready to harvest when they are firm but easily detach from the tree. Pick them carefully to avoid bruising.
By following these steps, you can enjoy the sweet taste of homegrown cherries right from your backyard.
2. How to Choose the Right Type of Cherry Tree
Selecting the appropriate cherry tree variety is crucial for a successful harvest. Consider these factors when making your decision:
Climate:
Canadian Climates:
Varieties like Montmorency, Nanking, and Van Cherry are well-suited for Canadian climates due to their cold hardiness.
Temperate Climates:
If you live in a more temperate region, you have a wider range of options, including sweet cherry varieties like Bing, Rainier, and Lapins.
Fruit Type:
Sweet Cherries:
These are ideal for eating fresh, canning, or making jams and jellies. Popular sweet cherry varieties include Bing, Rainier, and Lapins.
Tart Cherries:
Tart cherries are often used for baking, pies, and preserves. Montmorency, Nanking, and Van are common tart cherry varieties.
Think about how you plan to use your cherries when deciding whether to choose a sweet or tart variety. If you prefer eating them fresh, a sweet cherry might be the best option. For baking or preserving, a tart cherry could be more suitable.
Pollination:
Bees are wonderful compatible pollinators. - Image by Rudy and Peter Skitterians from Pixabay
Self-Pollinating:
Some cherry varieties can pollinate themselves, while others require a compatible pollinator nearby. Check the variety's description to determine its pollination needs.
Tree Size:
Dwarf or Semi-Dwarf:
If you have limited space, consider planting dwarf or semi-dwarf varieties of cherry trees.
Standard:
Standard-sized trees produce larger harvests but require more space.
3. How to Plant a Cherry Tree
Watch the above video to see how easy it is to plant your own cherry tree.
Proper planting is essential for the health and productivity of your cherry tree. Follow these steps to ensure successful planting:
Choose the Right Location:
Sunlight:
Cherries require at least 6-8 hours of direct sunlight per day.
Soil Drainage:
The soil should be well-draining to prevent root rot. Avoid planting in areas with poor drainage.
Space:
Consider the mature size of the tree when choosing a planting location. Standard-sized trees may need more space than dwarf or semi-dwarf varieties.
Prepare Your Soil:
Remove Weeds:
Clear the planting area of any weeds or debris.
Amend the Soil:
If your soil is heavy or nutrient-deficient, amend it with compost or well-rotted manure.
Dig a Planting Hole:
Dig a hole that is slightly larger than the root ball of the cherry tree.
When to Plant:
Spring:
Spring is generally the best time to plant cherry trees. This allows the tree to establish itself before the harsh winter weather arrives.
Planting Tips:
How to grow cherries: Make sure to water thoroughly. - Image by Jiří Rotrekl from Pixabay
Straighten Roots:
Gently straighten the roots of the cherry tree before planting.
Fill the Hole:
Backfill the hole with the amended soil, ensuring that the graft union (the point where the rootstock and scion are joined) is above the soil level.
Water Thoroughly:
Water the newly planted tree deeply to settle the soil around the roots.
Stake if Necessary:
If the tree is tall or in a windy area, stake it to provide support.
By following these guidelines, you can give your cherry tree the best possible start for a healthy and productive life.
4. How to Grow Cherries: Fertilizing, Watering, and Pest Control
Fertilize your cherry tree in the spring. - Image by Stefan Schweihofer from Pixabay
Proper fertilization and watering are essential for healthy cherry tree growth and production.
Fertilizing:
Timing:
Fertilize your cherry tree in early spring, before new growth begins.
Fertilizer Type:
Choose a balanced fertilizer that is specifically formulated for fruit trees. Organic fertilizers, such as compost or well-rotted manure, are a good option as they can improve soil health and structure. Chemical fertilizers can also be effective but may require more careful application to avoid nutrient burn.
Application:
Follow the fertilizer package instructions for the recommended application rate. Generally, you can apply a slow-release fertilizer around the base of the tree, avoiding direct contact with the trunk.
Watering:
Regular Watering:
Water your cherry tree deeply and regularly, especially during dry periods. Aim to keep the soil consistently moist but not waterlogged.
Irrigation:
Consider installing an irrigation system to ensure your tree receives adequate water. Drip irrigation is a popular choice for fruit trees as it helps to conserve water and minimize runoff.
Mulching:
Mulching around the base of the tree can help to retain soil moisture, reduce weeds, and protect the roots from extreme temperatures.
Remember: Overwatering can lead to root rot, while underwatering can stunt growth and reduce fruit production. Monitor the soil moisture and adjust your watering schedule accordingly.
Pest Control
Lacewings will keep your aphid population down. - Image by Brett Hondow from Pixabay
While cherries are generally resilient to pests, some common issues can arise. Here are some tips for pest control:
Monitor for Pests:
Regularly inspect your cherry tree for signs of pests, such as aphids, leafhoppers, or caterpillars.
Use Organic Methods:
Consider organic pest control methods like neem oil, insecticidal soap, or beneficial insects to minimize environmental impact.
Remove Affected Parts:
Prune and destroy any severely affected branches or leaves to prevent the spread of pests.
Avoid Overwatering:
Overwatering can create conditions that favour certain pests, such as fungus gnats.
Encourage Beneficial Insects:
Planting flowers that attract beneficial insects, such as ladybugs and lacewings, can help control pest populations naturally.
By being vigilant and using appropriate pest control methods, you can protect your cherry tree from damage and ensure a healthy harvest.
5. How to Grow Cherries: Pruning Tips
See how to prune a cherry tree by watching the above video.
Pruning is an essential aspect of cherry tree care. It helps to maintain the tree's shape, promote fruit production, and prevent overcrowding.
Pruning Tools:
Pruning shears: Use pruning shears for small branches.
Loppers: For larger branches, use loppers.
Saw: A pruning saw is necessary for cutting very thick branches.
When to Prune:
Dormant Season:
The best time to prune cherry trees is during the dormant season, typically in late winter or early spring before new growth begins.
Pruning Techniques:
Remove Dead or Damaged Wood: Start by removing any dead, diseased, or crossing branches.
Thin Out Crowded Branches: If the tree is overcrowded, thin out some of the branches to improve air circulation and sunlight penetration.
Shorten Long Branches: Shorten long, unproductive branches to encourage new growth and fruiting.
Shape the Tree: Prune to maintain a desired shape, such as an open center or vase shape.
Make Clean Cuts: Make clean cuts just outside of a bud or branch collar. Avoid leaving stubs, as they can become a source of infection.
Pruning Tips:
Avoid Heavy Pruning: Excessive pruning can weaken the tree and reduce fruit production.
Start with Light Pruning: If you're new to pruning, start with light pruning and gradually increase the intensity as you gain experience.
Consider the Variety: Some cherry varieties require more or less pruning than others. Consult a specific variety of information for guidance.
Pruning is essential for maintaining the health and productivity of your cherry tree. By following these tips, you can ensure that your tree produces abundant and high-quality fruit for years to come.
6. Harvesting Your Cherries
Watch a cherry harvest in process.
Harvesting your cherries at the peak of ripeness is essential for enjoying their optimal flavour and sweetness.
When to Harvest:
Colour:
Cherries are typically ripe when they reach their full colour, which varies depending on the variety. Sweet cherries often turn a deep red or purple, while tart cherries may become a dark red or almost black.
Firmness:
Ripe cherries should be firm but slightly yielding to gentle pressure.
Taste:
The best way to determine ripeness is to taste a sample cherry. It should be sweet and juicy.
How to Harvest:
Gentle Picking:
Carefully pick the cherries by hand, twisting or pulling gently to detach them from the tree. Avoid bruising the fruit. You can also use a pair of secateurs (small pruning shears) to carefully snip the cherry stems from the branches.
Use a Ladder:
For higher branches, use a sturdy ladder to reach the fruit safely.
Tools and Equipment:
Basket or Bucket: Use a basket or bucket to collect your harvested cherries.
Secateurs
Pruning Shears (Secateurs): If you need to remove any branches or twigs to access the fruit, have pruning shears on hand. You can also use them to snip the cherry stems instead of picking each one by hand.
Storing Cherries:
Refrigerate:
To preserve freshness and prevent spoilage, refrigerate your harvested cherries promptly.
Store in a Container:
Place the cherries in a container or bag lined with paper towels to absorb excess moisture.
Consume or Preserve:
Enjoy your cherries fresh or preserve them by canning, freezing, or making jams and jellies.
By following these harvesting tips, you can enjoy the delicious taste of your homegrown cherries for weeks to come.
7. How to Grow Cherries: FAQ
Here are some of the top questions asked about how to grow cherries.
Where do cherry trees grow best?
Cherries thrive in temperate climates with cool winters and warm summers. They prefer regions with well-drained soil and plenty of sunlight.
Here are some regions known for producing cherries:
North America: The Pacific Northwest (Washington, Oregon), Michigan, and Ontario (Canada) are major cherry-growing regions.
Europe: Countries like Italy, Spain, France, and Germany have significant cherry orchards.
Asia: China and Turkey are major producers of cherries.
While cherries can be grown in various climates, these regions offer optimal conditions for their cultivation.
How many cherries do you get from one tree?
The number of cherries you can expect from a single tree varies depending on several factors:
Variety: Some cherry varieties are known for their high yields, while others produce smaller harvests.
Age: As a cherry tree matures, it typically produces more fruit.
Care: Proper care, including pruning, fertilization, and pest control, can significantly impact fruit production.
Climate: Favorable weather conditions can contribute to higher yields.
On average, a mature cherry tree can produce anywhere from 20 to 60 pounds of cherries per year. However, this can range from as little as 5 pounds to over 100 pounds depending on the factors mentioned above.
Approximately 100-120 cherries can fit in one pound. However, this can vary slightly depending on the size of the cherries.
Why are cherries so expensive?
Cherries are difficult to harvest which adds to their cost. - Image by Leopictures from Pixabay
Several factors contribute to the cost of cherries:
Seasonality: Cherries are a seasonal fruit, available for a limited time each year. When they are in season, demand often exceeds supply, driving up prices.
Labour-intensive Harvesting: Harvesting cherries is a labour-intensive process that requires careful hand-picking to avoid bruising. This can increase production costs.
Perishability: Cherries are highly perishable and have a short shelf life. This means that they need to be harvested, transported, and sold quickly, which can add to the cost.
Transportation Costs: Cherries are often transported long distances from growing regions to markets. This can increase transportation costs, which are passed on to consumers.
Premium Quality: Consumers often demand high-quality, fresh cherries, which can command premium prices.
These factors combined can contribute to the relatively high cost of cherries compared to other fruits. However, the price can vary depending on factors like the specific variety, season, and location.
How to grow cherries from seed
Growing cherries from seed is a challenging but rewarding process. While it's possible, it's important to note that trees grown from seed may not be true to the parent variety. They may exhibit different characteristics, such as fruit size, flavour, or growth habit.
Here's a general guide on how to grow cherries from seed:
Obtain Fresh Seeds: Start with fresh, viable cherry seeds. You can extract them from ripe cherries or purchase them from a reputable seed supplier.
Stratification: Cherry seeds require a cold stratification period to break their dormancy. Place the seeds in a moist paper towel or cloth and store them in the refrigerator for 60-90 days.
Planting: After stratification, plant the seeds in small pots filled with a well-draining potting mix. Cover the seeds lightly with soil and keep the pots moist but not soggy.
Germination: Place the pots in a warm, sunny location and wait for germination. This can take several weeks or even months.
Transplanting: Once the seedlings have a few true leaves, transplant them into larger pots or directly into the ground. Choose a location with full sun and well-draining soil.
Care: Provide regular watering, fertilization, and pruning as the cherry tree grows. Be patient, as it may take several years for the tree to start producing fruit.
Remember: Growing cherries from seed is a long-term project, and there's no guarantee of success. However, if you're up for the challenge, it can be a rewarding experience to watch a tree grow from a tiny seed into a fruit-bearing plant.
How can you grow cherries in pots?
Growing cherries in pots is generally not recommended. Cherry trees have deep root systems and require ample space to grow and produce fruit. Container gardening is better suited for smaller plants with shallower roots.
However, if you're determined to try growing cherries in a pot, here are some factors to consider:
Dwarf Varieties: Choose dwarf or semi-dwarf cherry varieties that are specifically bred for container gardening.
Large Pot: Use a very large pot, at least 20-30 gallons in size, to accommodate the tree's root system.
Well-Draining Soil: Use a high-quality potting mix that is well-draining to prevent root rot.
Regular Fertilization: Feed your cherry tree with a balanced fertilizer during the growing season.
Pruning: Regular pruning is essential to maintain the tree's size and shape within the confines of the pot.
Winter Protection: Protect the tree from harsh winter conditions by moving it indoors or wrapping it with frost-proof material.
Even with these precautions, growing cherries in pots can be challenging. The tree may struggle to produce fruit or may not reach its full potential. If you have the space, planting a cherry tree directly in the ground is generally a better option.
How long does it take to grow a cherry tree from a seed?
It usually takes between 5 and 7 years for a cherry tree to produce fruit. - Image by Дарья Яковлева from Pixabay
It typically takes 5 to 7 years for a cherry tree grown from seed to start producing fruit. However, this can vary depending on the variety, growing conditions, and care provided. Some factors that can influence fruiting time include:
Variety: Some cherry varieties are known for their early fruiting, while others may take longer to bear fruit.
Climate: Favorable growing conditions can accelerate the time it takes for a cherry tree to start producing.
Care: Proper care, including adequate watering, fertilization, and pruning, can help the tree reach maturity more quickly.
It's important to be patient as cherry trees grown from seed can take several years to establish themselves and begin producing fruit.
How to germinate cherry seeds fast
Here are some tips to help you germinate cherry seeds faster:
Stratification: As mentioned earlier, cherry seeds require a cold stratification period to break their dormancy. Place the seeds in a moist paper towel or cloth and store them in the refrigerator for 60-90 days.
Scarification: Scarifying the seed coat can help to speed up germination. This can be done by gently nicking the seed coat with a sharp knife or sandpaper.
Warmth: After stratification, plant the seeds in a warm, moist environment. A heated seed mat or propagation tray can help to provide the necessary warmth.
Light: While cherry seeds don't require light for germination, exposing them to indirect light can promote healthy growth after they sprout.
Moisture: Keep the seeds consistently moist but not soggy. Use a spray bottle to mist the soil regularly, or place the pot in a humidity dome or tray filled with water.
Remember: Even with these techniques, germination can still take several weeks or months. Patience is key when growing cherries from seed.
How to Gardenz: Your Ultimate Gardening Resource
Struggling to cultivate a thriving cherry orchard? Gardenz is your ultimate resource for growing delicious and healthy fruit trees. Whether you're a seasoned gardener or just starting out, our community is here to support your cherry-growing journey.
From selecting the right variety to mastering pruning techniques, our experts offer invaluable guidance. Share your cherry triumphs and challenges, and connect with fellow fruit tree enthusiasts to exchange tips and tricks.
Ready to enjoy the sweet taste of homegrown cherries? Let Gardenz be your guide to a fruitful and rewarding gardening experience!