How to Grow Geraniums: A Burst of Colour for Your Garden
Craving a splash of colour and effortless beauty in your garden? Then learn how to grow geraniums! This guide will walk you through everything you need to know to grow geraniums successfully, from choosing the perfect variety to keeping them blooming all season long. Get ready to transform your garden into a vibrant oasis with the help of these easy-care flowering stars!
If you are looking for helpful advice on how to grow geraniums or if you have some additional tips you would like to share, contact us. We can also help you promote your gardening products or garden centre on our website. Talk to us today to get started.
How to Grow Geraniums: Your Complete Guide
1. How to Grow Geraniums: Choosing the Right Type
Upright geraniums usualy grow 12-18 inches tall - Image by Carl Lewin from Pixabay
Geraniums come in a delightful variety, each offering unique characteristics and blooming habits. Let's explore some popular types to help you find the perfect fit for your garden:
Upright Geraniums (Zonal Geraniums):
These classic geraniums boast vibrant blooms in red, pink, white, salmon, and bi-coloured combinations. They typically grow 12-18 inches tall and are ideal for pots, hanging baskets, and borders. Upright geraniums are not winter-hardy and are best treated as annuals.
Ivy Geraniums:
Add ivy geraniums to your window boxes. - Image by Erich Westendarp from Pixabay
Renowned for their cascading foliage and trailing blooms, ivy geraniums are perfect for window boxes, hanging baskets, and spilling-over container edges. They come in similar colour ranges as upright geraniums and also thrive in pots. Like their upright cousins, ivy geraniums are not winter-hardy.
Scented-Leaf Geraniums:
These fragrant geraniums offer a delightful bonus to their beautiful blooms. Varieties boast delightful scents like lemon, rose, peppermint, and even chocolate! Scented-leaf geraniums are typically smaller than upright geraniums, making them well-suited for pots on patios or walkways. While some scented-leaf varieties are perennials in warmer climates, they are generally treated as annuals in colder regions.
Perennial Geraniums (Cranesbill):
Cranesbill geraniums will come up year after year in colder climates. - Image by 👀 Mabel Amber, who will one day from Pixabay
These hardy geraniums are a fantastic choice for gardeners in colder climates (zones 3-9). Unlike the previously mentioned types, perennial geraniums come back year after year. They offer a wider variety of flower colours including blue, purple, and white, and often have attractive foliage as well.
They can be grown in pots or directly sown in flower beds, adding a touch of elegance to your garden year after year. A popular variety, the 'Chocolate Geranium,' has beautiful, deeply lobed foliage that smells like chocolate!
Choosing Between Pots and Direct Sowing:
For pots and hanging baskets: Upright geraniums, ivy geraniums, and most scented-leaf geraniums are excellent choices. Their compact size and vibrant colours make them ideal for container gardening.
For direct sowing in flower beds: Perennial geraniums (Cranesbill) are the best option. Their hardiness and ability to spread make them perfect for adding year-round beauty to your garden.
2. How to Plant Geraniums: Setting the Stage for Success
Watch the above video to learn how to grow geraniums in pots or read on to learn more.
Planting geraniums is a breeze, and with a little preparation, you can create a thriving display of colour in your garden. Whether you choose to plant them in pots or directly in the ground, here's what you need to know:
Planting Geraniums in Pots:
Choosing the Right Pot:
Select a pot with drainage holes. For upright and ivy geraniums, choose a pot 6-8 inches in diameter for a single plant. If you prefer a fuller pot, opt for a 10-12 inch container and plant 2-3 geraniums together. Scented-leaf geraniums can be happy in slightly smaller pots (4-6 inches).
Prepare the Potting Mix:
Geraniums thrive in well-draining soil. You can use a commercial potting mix labelled for geraniums or flowering plants. Alternatively, create your own mix by combining equal parts sterilized potting soil, perlite, and compost. Ensure the mixture is light and fluffy.
Planting Your Geraniums:
Fill your chosen pot with the potting mix, leaving about an inch of space at the top. Gently remove your geranium plant from its original container. Loosen the root ball slightly with your fingers to encourage root growth. Place the geranium in the pot, ensuring the top of the root ball sits slightly above the soil level.
Watering Well:
Backfill the pot with the remaining potting mix, gently tamping it down to secure the plant. Water thoroughly until water runs freely from the drainage holes. This helps settle the soil and eliminate air pockets.
Planting Non-Perennial Geraniums in the Ground for Seasonal Colour
Geraniums will also do well in your flower beds.
While perennial geraniums are the clear choice for year-round beauty in colder climates, you can also enjoy the vibrant blooms of non-perennial geraniums (upright and ivy) by planting them directly in your flower beds. This is a fantastic way to add a burst of colour and fill empty spaces in your garden throughout the summer and fall.
Here's a guide to planting non-perennial geraniums in the ground:
Choosing the Planting Location:
Select a location with full sun to partial shade. Aim for at least 6 hours of direct sunlight daily. Ensure the soil is well-draining. Heavy clay soil can be amended with compost or aged manure to improve drainage.
Planting Your Geraniums:
Wait until all danger of frost has passed in your area. This typically occurs in late spring or early summer.
Preparing the Planting Site:
Loosen the soil to a depth of 8-10 inches and remove any weeds or debris.
Spacing:
Space your geraniums according to their mature size. Upright geraniums typically need 12-18 inches of space between plants, while ivy geraniums can be planted closer together (10-12 inches) due to their trailing nature.
Planting:
Dig a hole slightly larger than the root ball of your geranium plant. Gently remove the plant from its container and loosen the roots slightly. Place the geranium in the hole, ensuring the top of the root ball sits level with the ground surface. Backfill the hole with soil and tamp it down gently.
Watering Thoroughly:
Water the planting site generously so the soil is soaked to a depth of several inches.
Additional Tips:
Deadheading:
Regularly removing spent flowers (deadheading) encourages continuous blooming throughout the season. Simply pinch off the flower head where it meets the stem.
Winter Considerations:
In colder climates, non-perennial geraniums will not survive the winter. You can either enjoy them throughout the season and discard them in the fall, or consider planting them in pots that can be brought indoors before the first frost.
Planting Geraniums in the Ground (Perennial Geraniums Only):
Choosing the Planting Location:
Perennial geraniums prefer full sun to partial shade, receiving at least 6 hours of sunlight daily. Select a location with well-draining soil.
Preparing the Planting Site:
Amending the soil can be beneficial, especially if it's heavy clay or compacted. Loosen the soil to a depth of 8-10 inches and mix in some compost or aged manure to improve drainage and fertility.
Planting Your Geraniums:
Dig a hole slightly larger than the root ball of your geranium plant. Gently remove the plant from its container and loosen the roots. Place the geranium in the hole, ensuring the top of the root ball sits level with the ground surface. Backfill the hole with the amended soil and tamp it down gently.
Watering Thoroughly:
Water the planting site generously so the soil is soaked to a depth of several inches.
Additional Tips for Planting Success:
Spacing:
When planting geraniums in the ground, space them according to the mature size of the variety you've chosen. Upright geraniums typically need 12-18 inches of space, while perennial geraniums can spread 18-24 inches or more.
Deadheading:
Regularly removing spent flowers (deadheading) encourages continuous blooming throughout the season. Simply pinch off the flower head where it meets the stem.
By following these simple steps, you'll set your geraniums up for flourishing growth and a vibrant display of colour in your garden!
3. How to Care for Geraniums: A Recipe for Vibrant Blooms
Geraniums are relatively easy to care for. - Image by Marjon Besteman from Pixabay
Once your geraniums are planted, providing them with proper care will ensure a season filled with dazzling blooms. Here are the key ingredients in your recipe for vibrant geraniums:
Watering Wisely:
Geraniums thrive in consistently moist soil, but they dislike soggy roots. Here's how to find the watering sweet spot:
Frequency:
Aim to water your geraniums deeply when the top inch of soil feels dry to the touch. Sticking your finger into the soil is a simple way to check moisture levels.
Depth:
Water thoroughly until water runs freely from the drainage holes. This ensures the entire root ball receives moisture.
Avoidance of Extremes:
Overwatering is a common mistake that can lead to root rot. Be mindful not to let your geraniums sit in waterlogged soil. Equally, avoid letting your plants dry out completely, as this can stress the plants and hinder flowering.
Fertilizing for Flourishing Growth:
While geraniums are not heavy feeders, a regular dose of fertilizer can give them an extra boost and keep those blooms coming. Here's a fertilizing strategy for optimal results:
Type of Fertilizer:
Opt for a balanced fertilizer formulated for flowering plants. A ratio of 10-10-10 NPK (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium) is a good option.
Frequency:
Fertilize your geraniums every two to four weeks during the growing season (typically spring to fall).
Application Methods:
There are two main methods for fertilizing geraniums:
Liquid Fertilizer: Dilute the fertilizer according to the package instructions and apply it directly to the moist soil around the base of the plant.
Slow-Release Granules: These granules slowly release nutrients over time. Follow the package instructions for application rates and simply sprinkle the granules around the base of the plant, keeping them away from the stem.
Mulching for Moisture Retention and Weed Control:
Applying a layer of mulch around your geraniums offers several benefits:
Moisture Retention:
Mulch helps retain moisture in the soil, reducing the frequency of watering needed.
Weed Suppression:
A layer of mulch acts as a barrier, preventing weeds from competing with your geraniums for water and nutrients.
Temperature Regulation:
Mulch helps regulate soil temperature, keeping it cooler in the summer and warmer in the winter (for perennial geraniums).
Choosing the Right Mulch:
Organic mulches are ideal choices for geraniums. These include:
Shredded bark,
Wood chips
Compost
Apply a 2-inch layer of mulch around the base of your plants, keeping it away from the stems to prevent rot.
Image source: Amazon
By following these simple watering, fertilizing, and mulching practices, you'll provide your geraniums with the essentials they need to thrive and reward you with a stunning display of blooms throughout the season!
4. Overcoming Geranium Challenges: Common Pests and Diseases
Geraniums are generally low-maintenance plants, but even these vibrant bloomers can face occasional challenges from pests and diseases. Here's a look at some of the most common issues and strategies for keeping your geraniums healthy:
Common Geranium Pests:
Aphids:
These tiny, soft-bodied insects suck the sap from geranium leaves, causing them to curl and distort. Look for clusters of aphids on the undersides of leaves.
Whiteflies:
Whiteflies small, white-winged insects also suck plant sap.
They may flutter around the plant when disturbed.
Image source: Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported
Budworms:
Budworm larvae sample - R6, State & Private Forestry, Forest Health Protection, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons
Budworms are caterpillars that feed on flower buds and develop blooms, causing them to become damaged or fail to open.
Natural Pest Control Methods:
Blast them with water:
A strong stream of water can dislodge aphids and whiteflies from your geranium plants. Repeat every few days until the pests are under control.
Insecticidal Soap Spray:
For a more targeted approach, use an insecticidal soap spray according to the manufacturer's instructions.
Neem Oil Spray:
Neem oil is a natural pesticide derived from the neem tree. It can be effective against a variety of pests, including aphids, whiteflies, and some chewing insects. Always follow label directions for application.
Encourage Beneficial Insects:
Plant companion flowers to attract ladybugs which will eat aphids. - Image by Valentin Bouvet from Pixabay
Ladybugs and lacewings are natural predators of aphids and other garden pests. Planting companion flowers that attract these beneficial insects can help keep pest populations in check.
Common Geranium Diseases:
This fungal disease thrives in cool, humid conditions. It can cause gray mould to develop on leaves, stems, and flowers.
These appear as brown, circular spots on geranium leaves. Several fungal diseases can cause leaf spots.
This bacterial disease causes water-soaked spots on leaves, which may turn brown or black and have a ragged appearance.
Disease Prevention Tips:
Proper Watering:
Avoid overwatering your geraniums, as this can contribute to fungal diseases.
Air Circulation:
Ensure good air circulation around your geraniums. Overcrowding plants can increase humidity and make them more susceptible to disease.
Pruning:
Regularly remove dead or diseased leaves and flowers to promote air circulation and prevent the spread of disease.
Fungicide (Optional):
If your geraniums suffer from a persistent fungal disease, you may consider using a fungicide specifically labelled for use on geraniums. Always follow label directions carefully.
By keeping an eye out for these common pests and diseases, and taking preventative measures, you can help your geraniums stay healthy and flourish throughout the season. Remember, early detection and intervention are key to managing pest and disease problems effectively.
5. Winter Care for Geraniums
Watch the above video to learn how to overwinter geraniums in a paper bag.
While perennial geraniums (Cranesbill) come back year after year, non-perennial geraniums (upright and ivy) typically won't survive the harsh winter conditions in colder climates. However, there are ways to overwinter your geraniums and enjoy them again the following season. Here are two common methods for storing non-perennial geraniums over winter:
Method 1: Storing Geraniums in Paper Bags or Boxes
Timing: Choose a cool, dry day after the first frost has killed off any remaining flowers and foliage.
Preparing the Geraniums: Carefully cut back the stems of your geraniums to about 6-8 inches above the base. Gently remove any dead leaves or flowers.
Digging Up the Plants (Optional): You can either dig up your geraniums from the flower bed or overwinter them directly in their pots (see method 2 below). If digging them up, carefully loosen the soil around the root ball and lift the plant gently. Shake off any excess soil.
Drying the Geraniums: Allow the geraniums to air dry for a few days in a cool, shaded location. This helps prevent rot during storage.
Choosing a Storage Container: Paper bags or cardboard boxes are suitable containers for storing geraniums. Ensure the containers are clean and dry.
Packing the Geraniums: Place the dried geranium plants upright inside the chosen container. Loosely fill the container with shredded paper or packing peanuts to provide support and prevent the stems from breaking.
Storage Location: Store the container with your geraniums in a cool, dark, and dry location such as a basement, garage, or unheated attic. The ideal temperature range is between 40-50°F (4-10°C).
Checking on Your Geraniums: Check on your geraniums periodically throughout the winter. If they appear very dry, mist them lightly with water. Avoid overwatering as this can lead to rot.
Method 2: Overwintering Geraniums in Pots
Learn how to overwinter your geraniums in pots.
Timing: Similar to method 1, wait until after the first frost has killed off any remaining flowers and foliage.
Preparing the Geraniums: Prune the geraniums back as described in method 1 (cut stems to 6-8 inches). Remove any dead leaves or flowers.
Watering: Reduce watering significantly throughout the winter. The goal is to keep the soil barely moist, not soggy.
Winter Protection (Optional): In colder climates, consider providing additional winter protection for your potted geraniums. Wrap the pot loosely with burlap or bubble wrap to insulate the roots from extreme cold temperatures.
Storage Location: Move your potted geraniums to a protected location such as a cool, unheated garage, shed, or greenhouse. Avoid placing them directly next to windows where they may be exposed to drafts or freezing temperatures.
Waking Up Your Geraniums in Spring:
Timing: Once the danger of frost has passed in your area (typically late spring or early summer), you can begin to revive your geraniums.
Checking on the Plants: Carefully remove the geraniums from their storage containers and check the condition of the stems. Remove any dead or damaged stems.
Potting (Optional): If you stored your geraniums in paper bags or boxes, you will need to repot them in fresh potting mix.
Watering: Gradually increase watering as the geraniums start to show signs of new growth.
Fertilizing: Wait until there is new growth before fertilizing your geraniums. A light application of balanced fertilizer will give them a boost as they come out of dormancy.
Pruning: You can prune your geraniums lightly to encourage bushier growth.
By following these steps, you can successfully overwinter your non-perennial geraniums and enjoy a burst of colour in your garden again the following season!
6. How to Grow Geraniums FAQ
The following are some of the most commonly asked questions regarding how to grow geraniums.
How Do You Keep Geraniums from Blooming?
If you deprive your geraniums of full sun, they will stop flowering. - Image by Matthias Böckel from Pixabay
Geraniums are known for their vibrant and prolific blooms, so preventing them from flowering entirely goes against their natural tendency. However, there are a few factors that can significantly reduce flowering in geraniums:
Insufficient Light:
Geraniums thrive in full sun to partial shade, needing at least 6 hours of direct sunlight daily for optimal blooming. If your geraniums are planted in an area with excessive shade, they will likely produce fewer flowers or none at all.
Improper Watering:
Both underwatering and overwatering can negatively impact flowering. Underwatering stresses the plant, and overwatering can lead to root rot, hindering the plant's ability to produce blooms. Aim to keep the soil consistently moist but not soggy.
Lack of Fertilization:
While geraniums are not heavy feeders, a complete lack of fertilizer can deprive them of essential nutrients needed for flower production. Regularly feeding your geraniums a balanced fertilizer during the growing season can encourage blooming.
Deadheading Neglect:
Deadheading, the removal of spent flowers, encourages the plant to focus its energy on producing new blooms. If you neglect deadheading, the plant may stop producing new flowers after the initial flush.
Important Note:
It's important to remember that even with these factors minimized, geraniums are naturally programmed to bloom. While you may be able to reduce the number of blooms or delay flowering slightly, it's unlikely you'll be able to completely prevent them from flowering altogether.
Alternative Approach:
If you're looking for plants with attractive foliage that flower less frequently, here are a few alternatives to geraniums:
Ferns
Ornamental Grasses
Coleus (although some varieties do flower)
These plants offer beautiful foliage interest without the abundance of blooms that geraniums are known for.
Do Geraniums Like Full Sun or Shade?
Cranesbill geraniums can tolerate a wide variety of sun exposure - Image by wal_172619 from Pixabay
Geraniums, specifically upright and ivy geraniums (annual varieties), prefer full sun to partial shade. They thrive with at least 6 hours of direct sunlight daily for optimal blooming.
Here's a breakdown of light requirements for different types of geraniums:
Upright Geraniums (Zonal Geraniums):
Full sun is ideal, but they can tolerate some light afternoon shade in hot climates.
Ivy Geraniums:
Similar to upright geraniums, they prefer full sun but can tolerate partial shade.
Scented-Leaf Geraniums:
These tend to do well in full sun to partial shade as well.
Perennial Geraniums (Cranesbill):
These hardy geraniums can tolerate a wider range of light conditions, from full sun to partial shade. However, they will typically flower more abundantly in locations receiving at least 6 hours of direct sunlight daily.
While geraniums love sunlight, it's important to consider your climate:
Hot Climates:
In very hot climates with scorching afternoon sun, some light afternoon shade can be beneficial for preventing the leaves from scorching.
Signs Your Geraniums Might Not Be Getting Enough Light:
Leggy growth with long spaces between leaves
Fewer flowers or stunted blooms
Pale or weak foliage
Remember:
Even with sufficient light, other factors like improper watering, lack of fertilization, or neglect of deadheading can also impact flowering in geraniums.
Do Geraniums Do Better in Pots or in the Ground?
Both pots and the ground can be suitable places to grow geraniums, depending on the type of geranium and your desired outcome. Here's a breakdown of the pros and cons for each option:
Geraniums in Pots:
Geraniums in pots are great for balconies but they will need more water. - Image by congerdesign from Pixabay
Pros:
Versatility:
Ideal for balconies, patios, decks, or anywhere you want a pop of colour.
Greater Control:
Easier to control factors like sunlight, watering, and drainage.
Protection:
Can be brought indoors to protect from frost or harsh weather (applicable to non-perennial geraniums).
Overwintering:
Easier to overwinter non-perennial geraniums for the next season.
Cons:
Limited Space:
Root growth can be restricted compared to planting in the ground.
More Frequent Watering:
Pots tend to dry out faster than soil in the ground, requiring more frequent watering.
Fertilization Needs:
May require more frequent fertilization as nutrients in the potting mix can deplete faster.
Geraniums in the Ground:
Cranesbill geraniums will come back year after year in colder growing areas. - Image by 👀 Mabel Amber, who will one day from Pixabay
Pros:
Thriving Potential:
Can reach their full growth potential with more space for roots to spread.
Less Maintenance:
Generally requires less frequent watering compared to potted geraniums.
Winter Hardiness:
Perennial geraniums planted in the ground can survive winter in colder climates.
Cons:
Less Flexibility:
Limited to the location where they are planted.
Drainage Concerns:
Soil drainage needs to be good to prevent root rot.
Winter Protection:
Non-perennial geraniums planted in the ground will not survive winter in cold climates and need to be discarded or brought indoors.
Here's a quick guide to help you decide:
Upright and Ivy Geraniums (Non-Perennial):
These varieties thrive in both pots and the ground. Choose pots for flexibility and easier overwintering, or plant them in the ground for seasonal colour in flower beds.
Scented-Leaf Geraniums:
These are well-suited for pots on patios, walkways, or near seating areas where you can enjoy their fragrant foliage.
Perennial Geraniums (Cranesbill):
These hardy geraniums are best planted directly in the ground where they can establish themselves and return year after year.
Ultimately, the best choice depends on your specific needs and preferences. Consider your climate, desired level of maintenance, and the type of geranium you're growing when making your decision.
What Are the Best Tips for Growing Geraniums?
Give your geraniums at least 6 hours of sun. - Image by JackieLou DL from Pixabay
Here are the best tips for growing geraniums:
Sun:
Aim for full sun to partial shade (at least 6 hours of sun daily).
Watering:
Water regularly to keep the soil moist, but avoid overwatering.
Fertilizer:
Feed them a balanced fertilizer every few weeks during the growing season.
Deadheading:
Regularly remove spent flowers to encourage continuous blooming.
For pots:
Use well-draining potting mix and consider bringing them indoors before frost (non-perennial geraniums).
For ground:
Plant perennial geraniums in well-draining soil and consider mulching for moisture retention.
How to Grow Geraniums from Cuttings?
Watch the video to learn how to grow geraniums from cuttings.
To grow geraniums from cuttings do the following:
Take a 4-6 inch stem cutting just below a leaf node.
Remove the lower leaves and dip the cut end in the rooting hormone (optional).
Plant in a moist potting mix and keep it damp.
Place in bright, indirect sunlight.
Roots should form in 4-6 weeks. Once established, harden off and plant in pots or ground.
How to Grow Geraniums from Seed?
The above video will show you how to grow geraniums from seed.
Here's how to grow geraniums from seed in a nutshell:
Start seeds indoors 6-8 weeks before transplanting outdoors.
Use a moist seed starting mix and sow seeds 1/4 inch deep.
Keep warm (around 75°F) with indirect light.
Once seedlings emerge, provide more light.
Thin or transplant seedlings when they have a few sets of true leaves.
Harden off transplants before moving them outdoors after frost danger has passed.
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